Glossary

Garbage in, garbage out (GIGO)

What is Garbage in, garbage out (GIGO)?

‘Garbage in, garbage out’ describes the principle that a system can only produce results as good as the data it receives. This applies doubly to AI: incorrect, outdated or one-sided training or knowledge data leads to wrong or biased answers. A chatbot that draws on an outdated price list will quote outdated prices. Looking after data is therefore an ongoing task in every AI project.

How KI.ordo helps

In KI.ordo, too, answers depend on the quality of the knowledge provided; the list of knowledge gaps shows which questions lack clear sources.

Learn more →: Garbage in, garbage out (GIGO)

Topics

  • Data quality
  • Principle
  • Knowledge upkeep

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Data cleansing

Data cleansing is the detection and correction of incorrect, duplicate or inconsistent entries in data sets. Typical steps include standardising spellings and date formats, removing superfluous spaces and merging duplicates such as 'Smith Ltd' and 'Smith Limited'. Clean data is a prerequisite for reliable analyses, mailings and AI applications.

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Training Data

Training data are the examples from which an AI model learns patterns: large text collections for language models, labelled images for image models. Their quality, diversity and recency largely determine how reliable and fair a model is and how up to date its knowledge will be. For organisations it also matters whether a provider uses the customer data they enter for further training.

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Data validation checks whether data is complete, correctly formatted and plausible before it is processed further. Typical checks cover mandatory fields, the format of email addresses, postcodes or dates, and logical contradictions – such as a delivery date before the order date. This catches errors early instead of letting them carry over into reports, invoices or AI analyses.

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Data governance

Data governance comprises the rules, roles and processes by which an organisation determines who may collect, use, change and delete which data. It covers responsibility for data quality, access rights, retention periods and compliance with data protection requirements. It matters especially for AI projects, because models and agents are only as reliable as the data they draw on.

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